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Five percent, 7.5% or 10% hypertonic saline prevents delayed neuronal death in gerbils

[Une solution saline à 5 %, 7,5 % ou 10 % empêche la mort neuronale différée chez des gerbilles]

Shinsuke Hamaguchi, MD^*, Yasuhisa Okuda, MD^*, Toshimitsu Kitajima, MD^* and Nobuhide Masawa, MD

^* From the Departments of Anesthesiology and
Pathology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Shinsuke Hamaguchi, Department of Anesthesiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. Phone: 81-28-286-1111; Fax: 81-28-286-0478; E-mail: s-hama{at}dokkyomed.ac.jp

Purpose: To clarify the appropriate concentration and dose of hypertonic saline solution (HSS) for preventing delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils.

Methods: Thirty gerbils were randomly assigned to five groups: physiological saline solution (PSS) group, ischemia/reperfusion treated with PSS 2 mL•kg^-1; 5% HSS group, treated with 5% HSS 2 mL•kg^-1; 7.5% HSS group, treated with 7.5% HSS 2 mL•kg^-1; 10% HSS group, treated with 10% HSS 2 mL•kg^-1; 20% HSS group, treated with 20% HSS 2 mL•kg^-1. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by occluding the bilateral common carotid arteries for four minutes. Five days later, histopathological changes in the hippocampal area were examined, and the degenerative ratio of the pyramidal cells were measured according to the following formula: (number of degenerative pyramidal cells/total number of pyramidal cells per 1 mm of hippocampal CA1 subfield) x 100.

Results: In PSS and 20% groups, neuronal cell damage was observed five days after ischemia. In the other three groups, these changes were not observed. The degenerative ratios of pyramidal cells were as follows; PSS group: 91.6 ± 5.6%, 5% HSS group: 7.2 ± 1.6%, 7.5% group: 8.3 ± 1.4%, 10% HSS group: 6.2 ± 1.1%, 20% HSS group: 85.8 ± 8.7% (P < 0.05; PSS and 20% HSS vs three other groups).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that 5, 7.5 or 10% HSS 2 mL•kg^-1 may prevent delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 subfield after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in gerbils.

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