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The posterior lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block and the three-in-one femoral nerve block provide similar postoperative analgesia after total knee replacement

[Le bloc du plexus lombaire par voie postérieure (loge du psoas) et le bloc du nerf fémoral trois-en-un produisent une analgésie similaire après une arthroscopie totale du genou]

Ismaïl Kaloul, MD^*, Joanne Guay, MD FRCPC^*, Christiane Côté, RN^* and Michel Fallaha, MD FRCPC

^* From the Departments of Anesthesiology,
and Surgery, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, Montréal, québec, Canada.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Joanne Guay, Département d’anesthésie-réanimation, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415, Boul. l’Assomption, Montréal, Québec H1T 2M4, Canada. Phone: 514-252-3426; 5415, Fax: 514-252-3542; E-mail: joanne.guay{at}umontreal.ca

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of a continuous posterior lumbar plexus (PSOAS) block to a continuous three-in-one femoral nerve (FEM) block in patients undergoing primary total knee replacement (TKR).

Methods: Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive iv patient-controlled morphine analgesia (PCA), PCA plus a continuous FEM block with 30 mL ropivacaine 0.5% and epinephrine 1:200,000 bolus followed by an infusion of ropivacaine 0.2% at 12 mL•hr^-1 for 48 hr, or PCA plus a continuous PSOAS block with the same bolus and infusion regimen as the FEM group. Postoperative morphine consumption, verbal analogue scale pain scores at rest and during physiotherapy, and evidence of sensory and motor blockades were noted.

Results: Both regional techniques significantly reduced 48 hr morphine consumption (FEM 37.3 ± 34.7 mg, P = 0.0002; PSOAS 36.1 ± 25.8 mg, P < 0.0001) compared to PCA (72.2 ± 26.6 mg). Pain scores at rest, six and 24 hr after TKR were lower in the FEM and PSOAS groups compared to the PCA group (P < 0.0001). Although sensory and motor blockades of the obturator nerve were achieved more often in the PSOAS group than in the FEM group (P < 0.0001), morphine consumption and pain scores did not differ between the two groups.

Conclusion: Both continuous PSOAS block and continous three-in-one FEM block provided better analgesia than PCA but no differences were seen between the two regional techniques.

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