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Sufentanil modifies the antibacterial activity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine

[Le sufentanil modifie l’activité antibactérienne de la bupivacaïne et de la ropivacaïne]

Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori, PhD^*,,, Valliollah Shacoori, PhD, Jean-Marie Vo Van, MD, Jean-Claude Robert, PhD^*,, and Martine Bonnaure-Mallet, PhD^*,,

^* From the Laboratoire de Microbiologie Pharmaceutique,
Université de Rennes I, Département d’Anesthesiologie,
CHR (Hôtel Dieu), Equipe de Biologie Buccale, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France.

Address correspondence to:: Dr. Zohreh Tamanai-Shacoori, Équipe de microbiologie, 1254 Faculté de Pharmacie 2 Av. du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France. Phone: 33 2 23 23 43 91; Fax: 33 2 23 23 43 06; E-mail: zohreh.shacoori{at}univ-rennes1.fr

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) of bupivacaine at a final concentration of 0.77 mg·mL^–1, ropivacaine at 1.2 mg·mL^–1, and sufentanil at 0.38 and 0.5 µg·mL^–1 (alone or in combination with bupivacaine and ropivacaine).

Methods: The strains were diluted to approximately 3 x 10⁴ cfu·mL^–1 in Mueller-Hinton broth. The anesthetics (0.5 mL) were incubated with the bacterial suspensions (0.5 mL) for 24 hr at 37°C.

Results: Bupivacaine inhibited the growth of E. coli (59 ± 0.8%; P < 0.05) and S. aureus (22 ± 3.6%; P < 0.05). Ropivacaine also inhibited the growth of E. coli (41 ± 1.2%; P < 0.05) and S. aureus (25.5 ± 4.1%; P < 0.05). Both anesthetics were ineffective against E. faecalis. Sufentanil only inhibited S. aureus (13.8 ± 3.1%; P < 0.05) at a concentration of 0.5 µg·mL^–1. Sufentanil modified the antibacterial activity of bupivacaine and ropivacaine. It increased the inhibitory effect of bupivacaine on E. faecalis and S. aureus by 10 ± 2.1% (P < 0.05) and on E. coli by 7% (P < 0.05). Sufentanil did not increase the inhibitory effect of ropivacaine on the growth of S. aureus. On the other hand, sufentanil reduced the inhibitory effect of ropivacaine on E. coli by 11% (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Both bupivacaine and ropivacaine alone or combined with sufentanil inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. E. faecalis was partially sensitive to a bupivacaine + sufentanil mixture. Sufentanil had a partial synergistic effect on bupivacaine and a partial antagonistic effect on ropivacaine’s antibacterial activity.

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