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Anesthesia for a patient with morbid obesity using dexmedetomidine without narcotics

[L’anesthésie chez un patient obèse morbide avec la dexmédétomidine sans narcotiques]

Roger E. Hofer, MD^*, Juraj Sprung, MD PhD^*, Michael G. Sarr, MD and Denise J. Wedel, MD^*

^* From the Departments of Anesthesiology, and
Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Juraj Sprung, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. Phone: 507-255-3298; Fax: 507-255-6463; E-mail: sprung.juraj{at}mayo.edu

Purpose: To describe the anesthetic management of a patient with extreme obesity undergoing bariatric surgery whose intraoperative narcotic management was entirely substituted with dexmedetomidine.

Clinical features: We describe a 433-kg morbidly obese patient with obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Because of the concern that the use of narcotics might cause postoperative respiratory depression, we substituted their intraoperative use with a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.7 µg•kg^–1•hr^–1). The anesthesia course was uneventful, and the intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine was associated with low anesthetic requirements (0.5 minimum alveolar concentration). After completion of the operation and after tracheal extubation, the dexmedetomidine infusion was continued uninterrupted throughout the end of the first postoperative day. The analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine extended narcotic-sparing effects into the postoperative period; the patient had lower narcotic requirements during the first postoperative day [48 mg of morphine by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)] while still receiving dexmedetomidine, compared to the second postoperative day (morphine 148 mg by PCA) with similar pain scores.

Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine may be a useful anesthetic adjunct for patients who are susceptible to narcotic-induced respiratory depression. In this morbidly obese patient the narcotic-sparing effects of dexmedetomidine were evident both intraoperatively and postoperatively.

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